RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1114
year: 1182
initiator: Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem and Petrus prior of the Holy Sepulchre
recipient: Conradus de Dachavv Dux
institution: Holy Sepulchre
text: (c. 1182). Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem and P. sanctae resurrectionis ecclesiae prior, together with the chapter of the Holy Sepulchre, write under seal to Conradus de Dachavv Dux [Count Conrad III of Dachau], reminding him how, when he had been on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, he was told that in the time of his father his men had murdered a canon. In recompense he had promised to build a church in honour of the Cross. He should also help restore properties lost by the canons.
(c. 1182). Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem and P. sanctae resurrectionis ecclesiae prior, together with the chapter of the Holy Sepulchre, write under seal to Conradus de Dachavv Dux [Count Conrad III of Dachau], reminding him how, when he had been on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, he was told that in... more
sources: Conrad of Scheyern, pp. 93-4 (RRH no. 623)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1123
year: 1183
initiator: Al-Adil [Sisidin rex]
recipient: Pope Lucius III
text: Mar. 31. Al-Adil [Sisidin rex] writes to Pope Lucius III. He has received the pope’s letter, delivered by Janus Dandulus. He had been negotiating with Pope Alexander III over the redemption of Christians held captive by the Muslims [Sarraceni]. He reports that his brother Saladin has won a victory in the neighbourhood of Tyre and that all the territory between Damascus and Niniveh is now subject to him. He will pass on the pope’s request to Saladin. If the Christians in the kingdom of Jerusalem obey the pope and observe peace the Muslims will maintain the agreement relative to the captives, but they will be blameless if the Christians do not.
Mar. 31. Al-Adil [Sisidin rex] writes to Pope Lucius III. He has received the pope’s letter, delivered by Janus Dandulus. He had been negotiating with Pope Alexander III over the redemption of Christians held captive by the Muslims [Sarraceni]. He reports that his brother Saladin has won a victory... more
sources: Ralph of Diceto 2:25-7 (RRH no. 626)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1127
year: 1183
initiator: Muslim governor of Harim
recipient: Franks
text: *Early Summer. The Muslim governor of Harim reportedly writes to the Franks, asking for protection against Saladin, but the garrison of Harim arrests and expels him and declares for Saladin.
*Early Summer. The Muslim governor of Harim reportedly writes to the Franks, asking for protection against Saladin, but the garrison of Harim arrests and expels him and declares for Saladin.
sources: Abu Shamah 4:235-6
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1139
year: 1183
initiator: Saladin
recipient: Pope Lucius III
text: (1183). Saladin writes to [Pope Lucius III]. He has received the pope’s messages, delivered by Oliverus Vitalis, and agrees to an exchange of prisoners, but he maintains that the Christians in captivity are gentiles et nobiles viri, whereas the Muslims in captivity are rustici et minimi et vilissimi homines. He suggests that the standing of the prisoners held by either side be taken into account. He provides Oliverus with confidential messages for the pope.
(1183). Saladin writes to [Pope Lucius III]. He has received the pope’s messages, delivered by Oliverus Vitalis, and agrees to an exchange of prisoners, but he maintains that the Christians in captivity are gentiles et nobiles viri, whereas the Muslims in captivity are rustici et minimi et... more
sources: Ralph of Diceto 2:25 (RRH no. 635)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1148
year: 1184
initiator: Baldwin IV
recipient: E., magister Templi A. and magister sanctae domus Hospitalis Jerusalem R.
institution: Templars
additional institution: Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
text: c. Oct. King Baldwin [IV] of Jerusalem writes to Patriarch E., magister Templi A. and magister sanctae domus Hospitalis Jerusalem R, [who had left in June, [190] carrying with them the royal banner and the keys to the Tower of David, the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulchre to present to the Emperor Frederick I, King Philip II of France or King Henry II of England, should one of them agree to come to the assistance of the Holy Land]. He is glad to hear from them that they have landed safely at Brindisi. He reports that c. 9 -10 July Saladin invaded the territory of Cratum and devastated the region for 3 weeks. On 31 July he penetrated the city of Cratum and, erecting 14 petraries, besieged the castle for 4 weeks. On learning of the approach of the king, he burnt his siege engines and withdrew by way of Nablus, which he devastated, while the population sought refuge in the castle. He then proceeded to Sebasten, the bishop of which redeemed his city and 80 captives, Arabia, Magnum Gerinum, Parvum Gerinum, a Templar villa, and the Hospitaller castle of Belverium, devastating the land and seizing captives as he went.
c. Oct. King Baldwin [IV] of Jerusalem writes to Patriarch E., magister Templi A. and magister sanctae domus Hospitalis Jerusalem R, [who had left in June, [190] carrying with them the royal banner and the keys to the Tower of David, the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulchre to present to the... more
sources: Delaville Le Roulx, Cart Hosp 1:444-5, no 662; also ed. in Ralph of Diceto 2:27-8 (RRH no. 638)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1179
year: 1186
initiator: Pope Urban III
recipient: Patriarch of Jerusalem
text: Mar. 13. Verona. Pope Urban III informs the patriarch of Jerusalem that he has ordered King Baldwin V of Jerusalem and the count of Tripoli, baliuus regni Ierosolimitanus, to render justice to the Genoese over rights granted them by King Baldwin I, in the presence of the archbishop of Nazareth and the masters of the Knighthood of the Temple and the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem.
Mar. 13. Verona. Pope Urban III informs the patriarch of Jerusalem that he has ordered King Baldwin V of Jerusalem and the count of Tripoli, baliuus regni Ierosolimitanus, to render justice to the Genoese over rights granted them by King Baldwin I, in the presence of the archbishop of Nazareth and... more
sources: Hiestand, PK, pp. 319-20, no. 143 (RRH no. 438)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1241
year: 1187
initiator: Consuls of Genoa
recipient: Pope Urban III
text: End of Sept. The consuls of Genoa write to Pope Urban III. They narrate how Saladin entered the kingdom of Jerusalem on 3 July with 70000 knights or more and laid siege to Tiberias. The lady of Tiberias appealed to the king. On the advice of the count of Tripoli, to whom he was reconciled, the king went to her assistance. In spite of the bravery of the Knights Templar, who were slaughtered, the Christian army was surrounded. Six of the king’s milites - Balduinus de Fotina, Radulfus Bructus and Laudoicus de Tabaria with three others, defected to Saladin and informed him of the state of the Christian army. Saladin’s nephew, Tochedinus, captured the king and seized the relic of the True Cross. Saladin had his Templar and Hospitaller captives beheaded and himself killed princeps Rainaldus de Castellione. After the battle Saladin took Acre and neighbouring places. The Sirii in Jerusalem offered to surrender the city. Many Christians from Acre and other places fled to Tyre. Ascalon is well provided with victuals and troops, as are Antioch, Margatus, and nearly all the principality. The county of Tripoli is safe. The consuls beg the pope to arouse the faithful to recover the Holy Land.
End of Sept. The consuls of Genoa write to Pope Urban III. They narrate how Saladin entered the kingdom of Jerusalem on 3 July with 70000 knights or more and laid siege to Tiberias. The lady of Tiberias appealed to the king. On the advice of the count of Tripoli, to whom he was reconciled, the king... more
sources: Hampe, ‘Reise’, pp. 278-80 (RRH no. 664a)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1211
year: 1187
initiator: Girardus de Ridefort, master of the Templars
recipient: Pope Urban III
institution: Templars
additional institution: Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
text: *May 2-c. 31. [Girardus de Ridefort] magister domus militiae Templi writes to Pope Urban III, reporting that he and the magister Ierosolimitani Hospitalis were negotiating a peace between the king of Jerusalem and the count of Tripoli when they heard that a force of 6000 Turci had entered Christian territory. They engaged them [in the battle of the Springs of Cresson, May 1] with only 110 milites. The magister Hospitalis, frater Robertus Frenellus marescallus Templi, frater Iaquelinus and 50 milites and 10 servientes Templi were killed. Others were take prisoner. On Sept. 3 the pope transmitted the news to the archbishop of Canterbury and the English church asking them to encourage princes, barons and the faithful, for the remission of their sins, to help the Knights Templar by providing horses and weapons.
*May 2-c. 31. [Girardus de Ridefort] magister domus militiae Templi writes to Pope Urban III, reporting that he and the magister Ierosolimitani Hospitalis were negotiating a peace between the king of Jerusalem and the count of Tripoli when they heard that a force of 6000 Turci had entered Christian... more
sources: Hiestand, PK, pp. 322-4, no. 148
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1242
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Aimery of Antioch
recipient: King Henry II of England
text: End of Sept. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch writes to King Henry II of England. He reports Saladin’s invasion of the kingdom of Jerusalem, the disaster [at Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constable and the master of the Knights Templar, the murder of princeps Raimundus [Rainald] by Saladin himself, the deaths of bishops, Templars and Hospitallers, 1200 milites and 30000 foot soldiers, the fall of Tiberias, which Saladin has fortified, Acre, Haifa, Caesarea, Jaffa, Nazareth, Sebastea, Nablus, Lydda, Ramatha, Arsur, Hebron and Bethlehem. Jerusalem is now under siege and the Christians have suffered huge losses in residents, provisions and horses. He begs for help. Otherwise, the Holy Sepulchre and then Antioch itself will be lost. He is sending the episcopus Gabilonensis and the episcopus Valeniensis to Henry.
End of Sept. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch writes to King Henry II of England. He reports Saladin’s invasion of the kingdom of Jerusalem, the disaster [at Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constable and the master of the Knights Templar, the murder of princeps Raimundus [Rainald] by... more
sources: Gesta regis Henrici secundi 2:36-8 (RRH no. 664)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1226
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem
recipient: All Christians
text: †Oct. 16 1180 - Jul. 2 1187. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem addresses a general letter to all Christians. He expatiates on the threat to the Holy Land from Turci, Arabi, Alarabi, Sarraceni and pseudochristiani. He promises remission of sins for those who come to its aid and a third part of enjoined penance to those who contribute horses, mules and arms. Those who become confratres of [the churches of] Antioch, Latakia [Licana], Jubila, Valenia, Tortosa, Tripoli, Ibielita, Beirut, [S]arbona, Tyre, Nazareth, Sebastea, Bethlehem, Mons Regalis, Ramla, Caesarea, Acre and Tiberias will each get an indulgence of 40 days. Over and above this a confrater of the church of Jerusalem, who pays an annual census, will have a fourth part of his penance remitted, can be buried even in time of interdict, will be commemorated annually as an individual, and generally on the third day after the Feast of All Saints. The indulgence can benefit dead relations. Those unable physically to make the pilgrimage to Jerusalem can fulfil their vows at Holy Sepulchre houses in Europe,
†Oct. 16 1180 - Jul. 2 1187. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem addresses a general letter to all Christians. He expatiates on the threat to the Holy Land from Turci, Arabi, Alarabi, Sarraceni and pseudochristiani. He promises remission of sins for those who come to its aid and a third part of... more
sources: Jaspert, ‘Zwei unbekannte Hilfsersuchen’, pp. 508-11 [215]