RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1114
year: 1182
initiator: Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem and Petrus prior of the Holy Sepulchre
recipient: Conradus de Dachavv Dux
institution: Holy Sepulchre
text: (c. 1182). Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem and P. sanctae resurrectionis ecclesiae prior, together with the chapter of the Holy Sepulchre, write under seal to Conradus de Dachavv Dux [Count Conrad III of Dachau], reminding him how, when he had been on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, he was told that in the time of his father his men had murdered a canon. In recompense he had promised to build a church in honour of the Cross. He should also help restore properties lost by the canons.
(c. 1182). Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem and P. sanctae resurrectionis ecclesiae prior, together with the chapter of the Holy Sepulchre, write under seal to Conradus de Dachavv Dux [Count Conrad III of Dachau], reminding him how, when he had been on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, he was told that in... more
sources: Conrad of Scheyern, pp. 93-4 (RRH no. 623)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1123
year: 1183
initiator: Al-Adil [Sisidin rex]
recipient: Pope Lucius III
text: Mar. 31. Al-Adil [Sisidin rex] writes to Pope Lucius III. He has received the pope’s letter, delivered by Janus Dandulus. He had been negotiating with Pope Alexander III over the redemption of Christians held captive by the Muslims [Sarraceni]. He reports that his brother Saladin has won a victory in the neighbourhood of Tyre and that all the territory between Damascus and Niniveh is now subject to him. He will pass on the pope’s request to Saladin. If the Christians in the kingdom of Jerusalem obey the pope and observe peace the Muslims will maintain the agreement relative to the captives, but they will be blameless if the Christians do not.
Mar. 31. Al-Adil [Sisidin rex] writes to Pope Lucius III. He has received the pope’s letter, delivered by Janus Dandulus. He had been negotiating with Pope Alexander III over the redemption of Christians held captive by the Muslims [Sarraceni]. He reports that his brother Saladin has won a victory... more
sources: Ralph of Diceto 2:25-7 (RRH no. 626)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1127
year: 1183
initiator: Muslim governor of Harim
recipient: Franks
text: *Early Summer. The Muslim governor of Harim reportedly writes to the Franks, asking for protection against Saladin, but the garrison of Harim arrests and expels him and declares for Saladin.
*Early Summer. The Muslim governor of Harim reportedly writes to the Franks, asking for protection against Saladin, but the garrison of Harim arrests and expels him and declares for Saladin.
sources: Abu Shamah 4:235-6
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1139
year: 1183
initiator: Saladin
recipient: Pope Lucius III
text: (1183). Saladin writes to [Pope Lucius III]. He has received the pope’s messages, delivered by Oliverus Vitalis, and agrees to an exchange of prisoners, but he maintains that the Christians in captivity are gentiles et nobiles viri, whereas the Muslims in captivity are rustici et minimi et vilissimi homines. He suggests that the standing of the prisoners held by either side be taken into account. He provides Oliverus with confidential messages for the pope.
(1183). Saladin writes to [Pope Lucius III]. He has received the pope’s messages, delivered by Oliverus Vitalis, and agrees to an exchange of prisoners, but he maintains that the Christians in captivity are gentiles et nobiles viri, whereas the Muslims in captivity are rustici et minimi et... more
sources: Ralph of Diceto 2:25 (RRH no. 635)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1148
year: 1184
initiator: Baldwin IV
recipient: E., magister Templi A. and magister sanctae domus Hospitalis Jerusalem R.
institution: Templars
additional institution: Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
text: c. Oct. King Baldwin [IV] of Jerusalem writes to Patriarch E., magister Templi A. and magister sanctae domus Hospitalis Jerusalem R, [who had left in June, [190] carrying with them the royal banner and the keys to the Tower of David, the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulchre to present to the Emperor Frederick I, King Philip II of France or King Henry II of England, should one of them agree to come to the assistance of the Holy Land]. He is glad to hear from them that they have landed safely at Brindisi. He reports that c. 9 -10 July Saladin invaded the territory of Cratum and devastated the region for 3 weeks. On 31 July he penetrated the city of Cratum and, erecting 14 petraries, besieged the castle for 4 weeks. On learning of the approach of the king, he burnt his siege engines and withdrew by way of Nablus, which he devastated, while the population sought refuge in the castle. He then proceeded to Sebasten, the bishop of which redeemed his city and 80 captives, Arabia, Magnum Gerinum, Parvum Gerinum, a Templar villa, and the Hospitaller castle of Belverium, devastating the land and seizing captives as he went.
c. Oct. King Baldwin [IV] of Jerusalem writes to Patriarch E., magister Templi A. and magister sanctae domus Hospitalis Jerusalem R, [who had left in June, [190] carrying with them the royal banner and the keys to the Tower of David, the city of Jerusalem and the Holy Sepulchre to present to the... more
sources: Delaville Le Roulx, Cart Hosp 1:444-5, no 662; also ed. in Ralph of Diceto 2:27-8 (RRH no. 638)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1179
year: 1186
initiator: Pope Urban III
recipient: Patriarch of Jerusalem
text: Mar. 13. Verona. Pope Urban III informs the patriarch of Jerusalem that he has ordered King Baldwin V of Jerusalem and the count of Tripoli, baliuus regni Ierosolimitanus, to render justice to the Genoese over rights granted them by King Baldwin I, in the presence of the archbishop of Nazareth and the masters of the Knighthood of the Temple and the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem.
Mar. 13. Verona. Pope Urban III informs the patriarch of Jerusalem that he has ordered King Baldwin V of Jerusalem and the count of Tripoli, baliuus regni Ierosolimitanus, to render justice to the Genoese over rights granted them by King Baldwin I, in the presence of the archbishop of Nazareth and... more
sources: Hiestand, PK, pp. 319-20, no. 143 (RRH no. 438)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1226
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem
recipient: All Christians
text: †Oct. 16 1180 - Jul. 2 1187. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem addresses a general letter to all Christians. He expatiates on the threat to the Holy Land from Turci, Arabi, Alarabi, Sarraceni and pseudochristiani. He promises remission of sins for those who come to its aid and a third part of enjoined penance to those who contribute horses, mules and arms. Those who become confratres of [the churches of] Antioch, Latakia [Licana], Jubila, Valenia, Tortosa, Tripoli, Ibielita, Beirut, [S]arbona, Tyre, Nazareth, Sebastea, Bethlehem, Mons Regalis, Ramla, Caesarea, Acre and Tiberias will each get an indulgence of 40 days. Over and above this a confrater of the church of Jerusalem, who pays an annual census, will have a fourth part of his penance remitted, can be buried even in time of interdict, will be commemorated annually as an individual, and generally on the third day after the Feast of All Saints. The indulgence can benefit dead relations. Those unable physically to make the pilgrimage to Jerusalem can fulfil their vows at Holy Sepulchre houses in Europe,
†Oct. 16 1180 - Jul. 2 1187. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem addresses a general letter to all Christians. He expatiates on the threat to the Holy Land from Turci, Arabi, Alarabi, Sarraceni and pseudochristiani. He promises remission of sins for those who come to its aid and a third part of... more
sources: Jaspert, ‘Zwei unbekannte Hilfsersuchen’, pp. 508-11 [215]
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1246
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Aimery of Antioch
recipient: All Christians
text: Oct. 1-12. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch addresses an appeal to all Christians. He describes the victory of Saladin and the Turci [at the battle of Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constabularius and the master of the Knights Templar, the deaths of Rainaldus princeps, killed by Saladin himself, the bishops of Lydda and Acre, Templars, Hospitallers, 1200 milites and 30000 pedites, and the seizure of the relic of the True Cross. Tiberias has been taken, together with Acre, Haifa, Caesarea, Jaffa, Nazareth, Sebasten, Nablus, Lydda, Ramata, Arsur, Bethlehem, Hebron, Sidon, Beirut, Biblis and Ascalon. Their inhabitants have been captured and now Jerusalem is besieged. He begs for help. Otherwise, the Holy Sepulchre and then Antioch itself will be lost. He reminds Christians of the achievement of their ancestors when they conquered the Holy Land. He is sending the Valeniensis episcopus and the Gabulensis episcopus to the West for aid.
Oct. 1-12. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch addresses an appeal to all Christians. He describes the victory of Saladin and the Turci [at the battle of Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constabularius and the master of the Knights Templar, the deaths of Rainaldus princeps, killed by... more
sources: Mayer, ‘Zwei unedierte Texte’, pp. 100-3, no. 2
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1229
year: 1187
initiator: Leaders of the Latin East
recipient: Emperor Frederick I
text: Late Jul. The leaders in the Latin East [principes transmarinae ecclesiae et ceteri christianae professionis homines] write to the emperor Frederick I, who circulates their letter on Nov. 23. They narrate how on 1 May frater Gyrardus de Ridefort magister miliciae Templi, with frater Hurso, Templi senescalcus, frater Robbertus Frauiel mareschalcus, frater Laquelinus de Male, miles, frater Rogerius de Molina magister Hospitalis and other brothers, on their way to Tiberias to negotiate a end to a dispute between the count of Tripoli and the king of Jerusalem, met an army of Turci, who had invaded the land of Nazareth as far as Acre. Confident of victory, they sortied from the castle of the Knights Templar called Faba and met the enemy at Casel Robert. They were defeated. The master of the Hospital, frater Robbertus Frauiel and frater Laquelinus de Mali and many others were killed. Saladin, having devastated the land, returned to Damascus. Collecting an army, he camped at the pons Tyberiadis. Then he invaded and besieged Tiberias, taking the city after three days. The king of Jerusalem, encamped with his army at fons Saforiae, decided to relieve Tiberias. In the battle [of Hattin] that ensued, Bernardus Liddensis episcopus and Rufinus Achornensis episcopus, who carried the relic of the [True] Cross, were killed. The Cross was taken. The king, the master of the Knights Templar and Aymericus, the king’s brother and constable, were captured, as was princeps Reynaldus, who was murdered by Saladin himself. Many others were killed; including Templars and Hospitallers. The leaders appeal for assistance.
Late Jul. The leaders in the Latin East [principes transmarinae ecclesiae et ceteri christianae professionis homines] write to the emperor Frederick I, who circulates their letter on Nov. 23. They narrate how on 1 May frater Gyrardus de Ridefort magister miliciae Templi, with frater Hurso, Templi... more
sources: ‘Hugonis chronici continuatio Weingartensis’, p. 475 (RRH no. 658)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1247
year: 1187
initiator: Bohemond III, prince of Antioch
recipient: All Christian prelates, clergy and people
text: Mid Oct. [220] Bohemond III princeps Antiocenus sends a general letter to all Christian prelates, clergy and people. Saladin has killed Templars and Hospitallers and imprisoned the king [of Jerusalem]. He has seized the relic of the True Cross and is besieging Jerusalem. Ascalon has fallen and is without Christian inhabitants. Nazareth has been occupied by the Turci. Acre, and the territory as far as Tyre, Ascalon and Jerusalem is lost and the Christian religion in that region is no more. Only the principality of Antioch survives. Bohemond is sending the Tharsensis archiepiscopus, Antioceni principatus cancellarius, to the West to plead for assistance.
Mid Oct. [220] Bohemond III princeps Antiocenus sends a general letter to all Christian prelates, clergy and people. Saladin has killed Templars and Hospitallers and imprisoned the king [of Jerusalem]. He has seized the relic of the True Cross and is besieging Jerusalem. Ascalon has fallen and is... more
sources: Chroust, Tageno, pp. 202-3 (RRH no. 663)