RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2065
year: 1227
initiator: Pope Gregory IX
recipient: Subjects of King John of Jerusalem
text: Apr. 5. Lateran. Pope Gregory IX addresses all the subjects of King John of Jerusalem, reminding them that in civil cases the first court of appeal was that of the king. Only after a case had been heard there should an appeal be lodged with the Holy See.
Apr. 5. Lateran. Pope Gregory IX addresses all the subjects of King John of Jerusalem, reminding them that in civil cases the first court of appeal was that of the king. Only after a case had been heard there should an appeal be lodged with the Holy See.
sources: Tautu, Acta, p. 205, no. 156
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2074
year: 1227
initiator: Pope Gregory IX
recipient: Bishop of Le Mans
text: Jul. 21. Perugia. Pope Gregory IX informs the bishop of Le Mans that he has heard that the queen of Cyprus is negotiating illegitimate marriage to the count of Brittany.
Jul. 21. Perugia. Pope Gregory IX informs the bishop of Le Mans that he has heard that the queen of Cyprus is negotiating illegitimate marriage to the count of Brittany.
sources: Schabel, Bullarium 1:288-9, no. d-2
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2078
year: 1227
initiator: G. patriarcha Hierosolymitanus apostolicae sedis legatus, P. Caesariensis archiepiscopus, N. Nazarenus archiepiscopus, N., Narbonensis archiepiscopus, P. Wintoniensis episcopus, W. Exoniensis episcopus, magister Hospitalis sancti Johannis, magister domus militiae Templi and magister Hospitalis Teutonicorum
text: Oct. 1-31. Acre. G. patriarcha Hierosolymitanus apostolicae sedis legatus, P. Caesariensis archiepiscopus, N. Nazarenus archiepiscopus, N., Nar-bonensis archiepiscopus, P. Wintoniensis episcopus, W. Exoniensis episcopus, magister Hospitalis sancti Johannis, magister domus militiae Templi and magister Hospitalis Teutonicorum write a letter for general circulation. They stress their needs, report that the emperor has not crossed to Syria as he had promised and that on the news that the emperor was not coming 40000 returned on the ships in which they had arrived. Almost 800 of the milites who remained delivered the ultimatum that either the truces with the Muslim be broken or they would depart; The dux de Lemburgo, who had been appointed their leader by the emperor, held a council with the Hospitallers of St John, the Knights Templars and the Hospitallers of St Mary of the Germans. The debate was long between those who argued that the truce should be broken and those who said it would be perilous to do so. In the end it was decided to fortify Caesarea and Jaffa during the period before the August passage. The peregrini were called on to be prepared to advance towards Caesarea on 2 November and they enthusiastically responded.
Oct. 1-31. Acre. G. patriarcha Hierosolymitanus apostolicae sedis legatus, P. Caesariensis archiepiscopus, N. Nazarenus archiepiscopus, N., Nar-bonensis archiepiscopus, P. Wintoniensis episcopus, W. Exoniensis episcopus, magister Hospitalis sancti Johannis, magister domus militiae Templi and... more
sources: Roger of Wendower 4:145-8 (RRH no. 984)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2079
year: 1227
initiator: King Henry III of England
recipient: Coradinus, the sultan of Damascus
text: (1227). Westminster. King Henry III of England thanks Coradinus, the sultan of Damascus, for the presents he has sent and which have been brought by Juselinus de Jenue Malonn. He asks the sultan to free his Christian captives.
(1227). Westminster. King Henry III of England thanks Coradinus, the sultan of Damascus, for the presents he has sent and which have been brought by Juselinus de Jenue Malonn. He asks the sultan to free his Christian captives.
sources: Rymer, Foedera 1:296-7 (RRH no. 985)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2080
year: 1227
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: al-Mu‘azzam of Damascus
text: Dec. 22. 1226 - Dec. 11. 1227. The emperor Frederick II writes to al-Mu‘azzam of Damascus demanding the return to the Christians of all the coastlands conquered by Saladin.
Dec. 22. 1226 - Dec. 11. 1227. The emperor Frederick II writes to al-Mu‘azzam of Damascus demanding the return to the Christians of all the coastlands conquered by Saladin.
sources: Amari, Biblioteca 2:245-6 (RRH no. 992)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2062
year: 1227
initiator: Pope Gregory IX
recipient: Emperor Frederick II
text: Mar. 23. Pope Gregory IX informs the emperor Frederick, who is also king of Jerusalem; of the death of Pope Honorius III and his election. He encourages Frederick to persist with his crusade plans.
Mar. 23. Pope Gregory IX informs the emperor Frederick, who is also king of Jerusalem; of the death of Pope Honorius III and his election. He encourages Frederick to persist with his crusade plans.
sources: Rodenberg, Epistolae 1:261-2, no. 343
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2092
year: 1228
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: Sultan al-Kamil
text: Sept.-Oct. Acre. The emperor Frederick II sends Balian seignor de Saete and Tomas comte de la Cherne to the Sultan al-Kamil, with a letter in which he insists on the cession of Jerusalem and other towns as previously offered.
Sept.-Oct. Acre. The emperor Frederick II sends Balian seignor de Saete and Tomas comte de la Cherne to the Sultan al-Kamil, with a letter in which he insists on the cession of Jerusalem and other towns as previously offered.
sources: ‘L’Estoire de Eracles’, pp. 369-70; Ibn al-Athir, The Chronicle 3:293 (RRH no. 992)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2104
year: 1229
initiator: Patriarch Gerold of Jerusalem
recipient: Pope Gregory IX
text: Mar. 26. Acre. Patriarch Gerold of Jerusalem reports to Pope Gregory IX critically and at length on the actions of the emperor Frederick II in the Holy Land. He describes the journey of the emperor from Acre to Jaffa in November 1228, followed by the Christian army; the anger of the sultan at the refortification of Jaffa and the seizure of provisions from neighbouring casalia at a time when negotiations for a truce were in train; the emollient response of the emperor; the rejection of the emperor’s notary, who was responsible for negotiations, and the sultan’s request for direct talks with comes Thomas; the ill treatment of pilgrims; the sending of singers to please the emperor; and the emperor’s private announcement on 11 February to 4 of the leaders of the Latin East that poverty was forcing him to make a truce. The patriarch describes the terms of the truce: including the surrender of the city of Jerusalem, which could be fortified, except for the Templum Domini, which the Sarraceni can enter, Bethlehem and 2 small casalia on the road between Bethlehem and Jerusalem, the casalia on the road between Jerusalem and Jaffa, Nazareth and 2 casalia between Nazareth and Acre, Tyrum [Toron], which cannot be fortified, Sidon and 2 casalia. He stresses the absence of any grant of land outside Jerusalem to the patriarch, the Holy Sepulchre, the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, St Mary of the Latins, St Mary of the Valley of Jehoshaphat, the Templum Domini, the Mt of Olives or Mt Sion. Only the Knights Templar gained their property between Jerusalem and Jaffa. The nobles reluctantly agreed, provided they could fortify Jerusalem. The magistri of the Military Orders and the bishops of England replied that they could not agree if the patriarch was not consulted, but the emperor replied that he would not take this step. The emperor then swore to abide by the terms of a secret codicil privately with no one present. The emperor had the support of the magister of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans, who with, comes Thomasius and the dominus Sydonis received oaths of acceptance from the sultan of Egypt. The dominus Sydonis approached the sultan of Damascus, but he refused to agree, claiming that his relations were plotting against him. The magister of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans asked the patriarch to come to the entry into Jerusalem. The patriarch gave reasons for his refusal. The magister sent, through frater W. de ordine Predicatorum, penitentiarius patriarche, a transcript of the truce, which the patriarch subjects to critical analysis. The patriarch continues that the emperor crowned himself in the church of the Holy Sepulchre. There followed a long speech delivered by the magister of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans in both German and French, praising the emperor’s achievement. The Wintoniensis episcopus and the Exoniensis episcopus, the magister of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem and the preceptor of the Knights Templar [the magister being absent] met the emperor and the magister of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans to discuss aid for the refortification of Jerusalem, but after delays they had no reply, even after the Knights Templars had offered to take responsibility for this. The emperor returned to Acre by way of Jaffa.
Mar. 26. Acre. Patriarch Gerold of Jerusalem reports to Pope Gregory IX critically and at length on the actions of the emperor Frederick II in the Holy Land. He describes the journey of the emperor from Acre to Jaffa in November 1228, followed by the Christian army; the anger of the sultan at the... more
sources: Rodenberg, Epistolae 1:299-304, no. 384 (RRH no. 1001)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2127
year: 1229
initiator: Patriarch Gerold of Jerusalem
recipient: All Christians
text: May 1-31. Acre. Patriarch Gerold of Jerusalem writes a general letter, addressed to all Christians. He describes the damage done by the emperor Frederick, who arrived, already excommunicated, with only 40 milites and no money, hoping to sustain himself from local resources. In Cyprus, he detained J. de Ybellino, his sons and the king, and took control of the kingdom through violence and fraud. He immediately sent emissaries to the sultan of Egypt to treat for peace, using the pretext of refortifying Jaffa as a means of approaching him. He claimed to have restored Jerusalem, which he entered and, although excommunicated, crowned himself in the church of the Holy Sepulchre. The Sarraceni retain the Templum Domini and the Templum Salamonis, proclaiming Islam publicly. The emperor, who had promised that the city would be refortified, left on the following day, although the Knights Templar and the Hospitallers of St John had asked him to start refortifying as he had promised. Knowing that Jerusalem could not be held unless fortified, he returned to Acre on 25 March stating that he would soon return to the West, although there was no truce with the sultan of Damascus. The leaders in the Holy Land wanted to retain the milites provided by the alms of the late king of France and the patriarch pointed out there was no truce with the sultan of Damascus, but the emperor stated that without his authority as king of Jerusalem no milites could be retained. The patriarch made a public statement of his case to the peregrini. The emperor, insisting to the magister of the Knights Templar that mercenaries [milites stipendarii] could not be retained in the Holy Land, since this would prejudice him, forbade all milites peregrini to remain and ordered comes Thomas, whom he was leaving as ballivus in terra, to punish those who stayed. He placed crossbowmen [balistarii] and archers [sagittarii] at the city gates to prevent the Knights Templars access and to deny the city provisions, and also throughout Acre and around the Templar headquarters [domus]. His followers drove out the Dominicans and some Franciscans, who had gathered to preach the Word of God. Seeing that these measures were not effective, the emperor sued unsuccessfully for peace, but he transported weapons secretly by ship to the sultan of Egypt, sent some of his milites to Cyprus to extort money and destroyed the galeae he could not take with him. He left on 1 May secretly, telling no one, leaving Jaffa destitute, poor Christians and Siriani isolated outside the town walls, and pilgrimages interrupted.
May 1-31. Acre. Patriarch Gerold of Jerusalem writes a general letter, addressed to all Christians. He describes the damage done by the emperor Frederick, who arrived, already excommunicated, with only 40 milites and no money, hoping to sustain himself from local resources. In Cyprus, he detained J... more
sources: Matthew Paris, Chronica maiora 3:179-84 (RRH no. 1015)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2128
year: 1229
initiator: Leaders of the Holy Land
recipient: Emperor Frederick II
text: *Summer. The leaders in the Holy Land send Jofroi le Tor and Johan de Bailluel as emissaries to the emperor Frederick, asking that his son Conrad be sent to the East as soon as possible, to be received as plus dreit heir aparant of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
*Summer. The leaders in the Holy Land send Jofroi le Tor and Johan de Bailluel as emissaries to the emperor Frederick, asking that his son Conrad be sent to the East as soon as possible, to be received as plus dreit heir aparant of the kingdom of Jerusalem.
sources: L’Estoire de Eracles’, p. 380