RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1114
year: 1182
initiator: Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem and Petrus prior of the Holy Sepulchre
recipient: Conradus de Dachavv Dux
institution: Holy Sepulchre
text: (c. 1182). Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem and P. sanctae resurrectionis ecclesiae prior, together with the chapter of the Holy Sepulchre, write under seal to Conradus de Dachavv Dux [Count Conrad III of Dachau], reminding him how, when he had been on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, he was told that in the time of his father his men had murdered a canon. In recompense he had promised to build a church in honour of the Cross. He should also help restore properties lost by the canons.
(c. 1182). Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem and P. sanctae resurrectionis ecclesiae prior, together with the chapter of the Holy Sepulchre, write under seal to Conradus de Dachavv Dux [Count Conrad III of Dachau], reminding him how, when he had been on pilgrimage to Jerusalem, he was told that in... more
sources: Conrad of Scheyern, pp. 93-4 (RRH no. 623)
RRR: Confirmation/renewal of grants
1120
year: 1183
initiator: Baldwin IV
recipient: Ioscelinus, the son of Ioscelinus Edessanus comes; Gaufridus Tortus
text: Mar. 19. Acre. Baldwin, per dei gratiam in sancta civitate Ierusalem Latinorum rex sextus, confirms under seal a purchase by Ioscelinus, his uncle and senescalcus, from Gaufridus Tortus, who, with the consent of his wife Flandrina and his son Gaufridus, has sold the casalia of Elgabacie, Hourfex, Carsilia, Cassie, Dere, Feenix, Bellum Uidere, which in Arabic [Sarracenice] is called Fassoue, Camsara, Terretrame, Accabara, Soroue, Sauroefoca, Tarrebresca and Deirbasta for 6000 besants with their lands and rustici, on condition that Seit and Guillelmus, the servientes of Gaufridus, retain the feodi of the scribania and drugumanagium, which they claimed in the king’s presence. Ioscelinus will owe the servicium of 2 milites for the casalia. Gaufridus Tortus is obliged to render servicium proportionate to the rest of his fief that he has retained. Gaufridus has requested that with this sale his debts are settled, so that he may retain the rest of his feodum. Witnesses: Monacus Cesariensis archiepiscopus; Bernardus Lidensis episcopus; Remundus comes Tripolitanus; Guido Ioppensis et Ascalonitanus comes; princeps Rainaldus; Aimericus constabularius; Balduinus de Ybelin; Balianus frater eius; Gosohuinus Boccus; Guillelmus de Molembecca; Milo de Colouardino; Gislebertus Acconensis vicecomes; Guillelmus de Furcis; Antelmus de Luca; Odo de Conchis; Raimundus de Tolosa. The charter was drawn up by Guillelmus Tyrensis archiepiscopus regisque cancellarius.
Mar. 19. Acre. Baldwin, per dei gratiam in sancta civitate Ierusalem Latinorum rex sextus, confirms under seal a purchase by Ioscelinus, his uncle and senescalcus, from Gaufridus Tortus, who, with the consent of his wife Flandrina and his son Gaufridus, has sold the casalia of Elgabacie, Hourfex,... more
sources: Mayer, UKJ 2:745-9, 788, 980, nos. 438, 467, 597 (RRH no. 624)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1123
year: 1183
initiator: Al-Adil [Sisidin rex]
recipient: Pope Lucius III
text: Mar. 31. Al-Adil [Sisidin rex] writes to Pope Lucius III. He has received the pope’s letter, delivered by Janus Dandulus. He had been negotiating with Pope Alexander III over the redemption of Christians held captive by the Muslims [Sarraceni]. He reports that his brother Saladin has won a victory in the neighbourhood of Tyre and that all the territory between Damascus and Niniveh is now subject to him. He will pass on the pope’s request to Saladin. If the Christians in the kingdom of Jerusalem obey the pope and observe peace the Muslims will maintain the agreement relative to the captives, but they will be blameless if the Christians do not.
Mar. 31. Al-Adil [Sisidin rex] writes to Pope Lucius III. He has received the pope’s letter, delivered by Janus Dandulus. He had been negotiating with Pope Alexander III over the redemption of Christians held captive by the Muslims [Sarraceni]. He reports that his brother Saladin has won a victory... more
sources: Ralph of Diceto 2:25-7 (RRH no. 626)
year: 1183
initiator: Baldwin IV
recipient: King of France
text: †Jul. 15 1174 - Nov. 20 1183 (before Apr. 4 1182). King Baldwin IV, recognizing that his leprosy is incurable and concerned by the threats from Arabia to his kingdom, begs the king of France to find in France a suitable successor to govern the kingdom of Jerusalem.
†Jul. 15 1174 - Nov. 20 1183 (before Apr. 4 1182). King Baldwin IV, recognizing that his leprosy is incurable and concerned by the threats from Arabia to his kingdom, begs the king of France to find in France a suitable successor to govern the kingdom of Jerusalem.
sources: Mayer, UKJ 2:750-2, no. 440 (RRH no. 569c)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1237
year: 1187
initiator: Brothers of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
recipient: Dominus Archumbaldus magister Hospitalarium Italię and their brothers overseas
institution: Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem
text: Aug. 1-31. [Brothers of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem] write to dominus Archumbaldus magister Hospitalarium Italię and their brothers overseas. They narrate how the king of Jerusalem and the count of Tripoli, with whom he had made peace, were at Saphora with 30000 men around 29 June, when Saladin reached and took Tiberias with 80000. The king advanced and fought all day on 3 July at Marestutia. He pitched his tent that night at Saluubia and the next day the master of the Knights Templars lost most of his brothers, after which the king moved to Naim and was helped by the count of Tripoli to reach a hill which was a natural fortress. The Turci lit fires around the hill and the Christian force, faced with great heat, was deprived of food and drink. Then Baldoinus de Fatinor, Bachaberbocus de Tabaria and Leisius with 3 companions deserted and revealed to Saladin the state of the Christian army. Saladin sent Techedinus with 20000 picked knights to overcome the Christians. The king and the relic of the True Cross were taken, as were comes Gabula, Milo de Calauerdo, Onfredus iuvenis, princeps Renaldus, who was killed, Galterius de Arsun, Hugo de Gibelen, domnus de Botrono and domnus de Marachele, and 1000 others of the better men. No more than 200 escaped, including the count of Tripoli, domnus Basianus and Reinardus domnus Sidonis. Saladin then took Saphora, Nazareth, Mt Tabor, Acre, Haifa, Caesarea, Jaffa, Nablus, Ram [Ramla], Sanctus Georgius [Lydda], Ybellinon, Bellefort, Mirabel, Tyronus, Gwaler, Gazer and Audurum. When the Hospitaller galley left Tyre, [some of those who had surrendered] sent Sabani to Saladin to advise him to move on Jerusalem which would surrender. [219] The Hospitallers fled in their galley to Lechia [Latakia], where they heard that Tyre had fallen. They hope that the following cities can be saved if help comes from the West: Jerusalem, Tyre, Ascalon, Marchart, Antioch, Lassar, Saona and Tripoli. Like ants, large numbers of Sarraceni and Turci have overrun the country from Tyre, which they are besieging, to Jerusalem.
Aug. 1-31. [Brothers of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem] write to dominus Archumbaldus magister Hospitalarium Italię and their brothers overseas. They narrate how the king of Jerusalem and the count of Tripoli, with whom he had made peace, were at Saphora with 30000 men around 29 June, when... more
sources: ‘Historia de expeditione Friderici imperatoris’, pp. 2-4 (RRH no. 661)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1241
year: 1187
initiator: Consuls of Genoa
recipient: Pope Urban III
text: End of Sept. The consuls of Genoa write to Pope Urban III. They narrate how Saladin entered the kingdom of Jerusalem on 3 July with 70000 knights or more and laid siege to Tiberias. The lady of Tiberias appealed to the king. On the advice of the count of Tripoli, to whom he was reconciled, the king went to her assistance. In spite of the bravery of the Knights Templar, who were slaughtered, the Christian army was surrounded. Six of the king’s milites - Balduinus de Fotina, Radulfus Bructus and Laudoicus de Tabaria with three others, defected to Saladin and informed him of the state of the Christian army. Saladin’s nephew, Tochedinus, captured the king and seized the relic of the True Cross. Saladin had his Templar and Hospitaller captives beheaded and himself killed princeps Rainaldus de Castellione. After the battle Saladin took Acre and neighbouring places. The Sirii in Jerusalem offered to surrender the city. Many Christians from Acre and other places fled to Tyre. Ascalon is well provided with victuals and troops, as are Antioch, Margatus, and nearly all the principality. The county of Tripoli is safe. The consuls beg the pope to arouse the faithful to recover the Holy Land.
End of Sept. The consuls of Genoa write to Pope Urban III. They narrate how Saladin entered the kingdom of Jerusalem on 3 July with 70000 knights or more and laid siege to Tiberias. The lady of Tiberias appealed to the king. On the advice of the count of Tripoli, to whom he was reconciled, the king... more
sources: Hampe, ‘Reise’, pp. 278-80 (RRH no. 664a)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1246
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Aimery of Antioch
recipient: All Christians
text: Oct. 1-12. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch addresses an appeal to all Christians. He describes the victory of Saladin and the Turci [at the battle of Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constabularius and the master of the Knights Templar, the deaths of Rainaldus princeps, killed by Saladin himself, the bishops of Lydda and Acre, Templars, Hospitallers, 1200 milites and 30000 pedites, and the seizure of the relic of the True Cross. Tiberias has been taken, together with Acre, Haifa, Caesarea, Jaffa, Nazareth, Sebasten, Nablus, Lydda, Ramata, Arsur, Bethlehem, Hebron, Sidon, Beirut, Biblis and Ascalon. Their inhabitants have been captured and now Jerusalem is besieged. He begs for help. Otherwise, the Holy Sepulchre and then Antioch itself will be lost. He reminds Christians of the achievement of their ancestors when they conquered the Holy Land. He is sending the Valeniensis episcopus and the Gabulensis episcopus to the West for aid.
Oct. 1-12. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch addresses an appeal to all Christians. He describes the victory of Saladin and the Turci [at the battle of Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constabularius and the master of the Knights Templar, the deaths of Rainaldus princeps, killed by... more
sources: Mayer, ‘Zwei unedierte Texte’, pp. 100-3, no. 2
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1247
year: 1187
initiator: Bohemond III, prince of Antioch
recipient: All Christian prelates, clergy and people
text: Mid Oct. [220] Bohemond III princeps Antiocenus sends a general letter to all Christian prelates, clergy and people. Saladin has killed Templars and Hospitallers and imprisoned the king [of Jerusalem]. He has seized the relic of the True Cross and is besieging Jerusalem. Ascalon has fallen and is without Christian inhabitants. Nazareth has been occupied by the Turci. Acre, and the territory as far as Tyre, Ascalon and Jerusalem is lost and the Christian religion in that region is no more. Only the principality of Antioch survives. Bohemond is sending the Tharsensis archiepiscopus, Antioceni principatus cancellarius, to the West to plead for assistance.
Mid Oct. [220] Bohemond III princeps Antiocenus sends a general letter to all Christian prelates, clergy and people. Saladin has killed Templars and Hospitallers and imprisoned the king [of Jerusalem]. He has seized the relic of the True Cross and is besieging Jerusalem. Ascalon has fallen and is... more
sources: Chroust, Tageno, pp. 202-3 (RRH no. 663)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1233
year: 1187
initiator: Frater Terricus pauperrimae domus templi preceptor, together with his convent
recipient: Pope Urban III
institution: Templars
text: Aug. 1-31. Terricus/Tyricus pauperrime milicie templi preceptor, together with his convent, writes to Pope Urban III. He reports the invasion of the Turci, their siege of the castle of Tiberias and the loss of the Christian army [at Hattin], the capture of the relic of the True Cross and of the king, the great number killed, the escape of the count of Tripoli, domnus Reinoldus Sydonius and domnus Balianus, and the fall of Acre. Only Jerusalem, Ascalon, Tyre and Beirut are still in Christian hands, but the defenders of these cities have nearly all been lost and they cannot be held without divine intervention. Tyre is being constantly attacked and the land between Tyre, Jerusalem and Gaza is overrun. Terricus appeals for help. [216]
Aug. 1-31. Terricus/Tyricus pauperrime milicie templi preceptor, together with his convent, writes to Pope Urban III. He reports the invasion of the Turci, their siege of the castle of Tiberias and the loss of the Christian army [at Hattin], the capture of the relic of the True Cross and of the... more
sources: ‘Annales Colonienses maximi’, p. 793; Chronica regia Coloniensis, p. 137-8 (RRH no. 660)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1234
year: 1187
initiator: Frater Terricus pauperrimae domus templi preceptor, together with his convent
recipient: Templars in the West
institution: Templars
text: Aug. 1-31. Frater Terricus pauperrimae domus templi preceptor, together with his convent, writes to his brother Templars [in the West]. He reports the invasion of the Turci, their siege of the castle of Tiberias and the loss of the Christian army [at Hattin], the capture of the relic of the True Cross and of the king, the great number killed, including 230 Templars, who were beheaded, to which loss should be added the 60 who were killed on 1 May. Only the lord of Tripoli, dominus Reginaldus Sidonis, dominus Balovius and Terricus himself escaped. Saladin then advanced on Acre. Much of the land has fallen. Only Jerusalem, Ascalon, Tyre and Beirut are still in Christian hands, but the defenders of these cities have nearly all been lost and they cannot be held without divine intervention. Tyre is being constantly attacked and the land between Tyre, Jerusalem and Gaza is overrun. Terricus appeals for help.
Aug. 1-31. Frater Terricus pauperrimae domus templi preceptor, together with his convent, writes to his brother Templars [in the West]. He reports the invasion of the Turci, their siege of the castle of Tiberias and the loss of the Christian army [at Hattin], the capture of the relic of the True... more
sources: ‘Gesta regis Henrici secundi’ 2:13-14 [217] (RRH no. 660)