RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2062
year: 1227
initiator: Pope Gregory IX
recipient: Emperor Frederick II
text: Mar. 23. Pope Gregory IX informs the emperor Frederick, who is also king of Jerusalem; of the death of Pope Honorius III and his election. He encourages Frederick to persist with his crusade plans.
Mar. 23. Pope Gregory IX informs the emperor Frederick, who is also king of Jerusalem; of the death of Pope Honorius III and his election. He encourages Frederick to persist with his crusade plans.
sources: Rodenberg, Epistolae 1:261-2, no. 343
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2065
year: 1227
initiator: Pope Gregory IX
recipient: Subjects of King John of Jerusalem
text: Apr. 5. Lateran. Pope Gregory IX addresses all the subjects of King John of Jerusalem, reminding them that in civil cases the first court of appeal was that of the king. Only after a case had been heard there should an appeal be lodged with the Holy See.
Apr. 5. Lateran. Pope Gregory IX addresses all the subjects of King John of Jerusalem, reminding them that in civil cases the first court of appeal was that of the king. Only after a case had been heard there should an appeal be lodged with the Holy See.
sources: Tautu, Acta, p. 205, no. 156
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2074
year: 1227
initiator: Pope Gregory IX
recipient: Bishop of Le Mans
text: Jul. 21. Perugia. Pope Gregory IX informs the bishop of Le Mans that he has heard that the queen of Cyprus is negotiating illegitimate marriage to the count of Brittany.
Jul. 21. Perugia. Pope Gregory IX informs the bishop of Le Mans that he has heard that the queen of Cyprus is negotiating illegitimate marriage to the count of Brittany.
sources: Schabel, Bullarium 1:288-9, no. d-2
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2078
year: 1227
initiator: G. patriarcha Hierosolymitanus apostolicae sedis legatus, P. Caesariensis archiepiscopus, N. Nazarenus archiepiscopus, N., Narbonensis archiepiscopus, P. Wintoniensis episcopus, W. Exoniensis episcopus, magister Hospitalis sancti Johannis, magister domus militiae Templi and magister Hospitalis Teutonicorum
text: Oct. 1-31. Acre. G. patriarcha Hierosolymitanus apostolicae sedis legatus, P. Caesariensis archiepiscopus, N. Nazarenus archiepiscopus, N., Nar-bonensis archiepiscopus, P. Wintoniensis episcopus, W. Exoniensis episcopus, magister Hospitalis sancti Johannis, magister domus militiae Templi and magister Hospitalis Teutonicorum write a letter for general circulation. They stress their needs, report that the emperor has not crossed to Syria as he had promised and that on the news that the emperor was not coming 40000 returned on the ships in which they had arrived. Almost 800 of the milites who remained delivered the ultimatum that either the truces with the Muslim be broken or they would depart; The dux de Lemburgo, who had been appointed their leader by the emperor, held a council with the Hospitallers of St John, the Knights Templars and the Hospitallers of St Mary of the Germans. The debate was long between those who argued that the truce should be broken and those who said it would be perilous to do so. In the end it was decided to fortify Caesarea and Jaffa during the period before the August passage. The peregrini were called on to be prepared to advance towards Caesarea on 2 November and they enthusiastically responded.
Oct. 1-31. Acre. G. patriarcha Hierosolymitanus apostolicae sedis legatus, P. Caesariensis archiepiscopus, N. Nazarenus archiepiscopus, N., Nar-bonensis archiepiscopus, P. Wintoniensis episcopus, W. Exoniensis episcopus, magister Hospitalis sancti Johannis, magister domus militiae Templi and... more
sources: Roger of Wendower 4:145-8 (RRH no. 984)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2079
year: 1227
initiator: King Henry III of England
recipient: Coradinus, the sultan of Damascus
text: (1227). Westminster. King Henry III of England thanks Coradinus, the sultan of Damascus, for the presents he has sent and which have been brought by Juselinus de Jenue Malonn. He asks the sultan to free his Christian captives.
(1227). Westminster. King Henry III of England thanks Coradinus, the sultan of Damascus, for the presents he has sent and which have been brought by Juselinus de Jenue Malonn. He asks the sultan to free his Christian captives.
sources: Rymer, Foedera 1:296-7 (RRH no. 985)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2080
year: 1227
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: al-Mu‘azzam of Damascus
text: Dec. 22. 1226 - Dec. 11. 1227. The emperor Frederick II writes to al-Mu‘azzam of Damascus demanding the return to the Christians of all the coastlands conquered by Saladin.
Dec. 22. 1226 - Dec. 11. 1227. The emperor Frederick II writes to al-Mu‘azzam of Damascus demanding the return to the Christians of all the coastlands conquered by Saladin.
sources: Amari, Biblioteca 2:245-6 (RRH no. 992)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2092
year: 1228
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: Sultan al-Kamil
text: Sept.-Oct. Acre. The emperor Frederick II sends Balian seignor de Saete and Tomas comte de la Cherne to the Sultan al-Kamil, with a letter in which he insists on the cession of Jerusalem and other towns as previously offered.
Sept.-Oct. Acre. The emperor Frederick II sends Balian seignor de Saete and Tomas comte de la Cherne to the Sultan al-Kamil, with a letter in which he insists on the cession of Jerusalem and other towns as previously offered.
sources: ‘L’Estoire de Eracles’, pp. 369-70; Ibn al-Athir, The Chronicle 3:293 (RRH no. 992)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2102
year: 1229
initiator: Emperor Frederick II
recipient: Pope Gregory IX
text: Mar. 18. Jerusalem. Frederick, Dei gratia Romanorum imperator semper augustus Ierusalem et Sicilie rex, writes to Pope Gregory IX, copying the letter for general circulation, including a copy sent to the king of England. He praises God for his achievements in the Holy Land. He describes, in the same terms as the magister of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans, how he reached Jaffa on 15 November to refortify its castle and prepare for an advance on Jerusalem. He was hindered by a lack of pack animals [equitaturi] and by bad weather that was preventing provisioning by sea, although eventually the weather eased. While work continued on the fortifications, messengers passed between the emperor and the sultan of Egypt, who was camping at Gaza with his brother Scharaph, while the sultan of Damascus was established at Nablus. The sultan of Egypt restored Jerusalem to the emperor, with all the land descending down to Jaffa, except only for the Templum Domini, which would be open to Muslims wishing to pray there, alhough they must visit without weapons. He also restored Bethlehem with the land between it and Jerusalem; Nazareth with the land between it and Acre; all the terra Toronis; and the city of Sidon, the port of which had been a transit between Damascus and Egypt. The Christians can refortify Jerusalem, Jaffa, Sidon, Caesarea and the castle belonging to the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans in the mountains of Acre. The sultan promises not to refortify castles or build new ones until the end of the truce, which will last for 10 years. The truce was confirmed by oath on 18 February. On the advice of the patriarch of Jerusalem and the magistri and brothers of the [military orders], the emperor will inform the pope personally when he returns to Europe. Meanwhile he entered Jerusalem on 17 March, wore his crown and gave orders for the rebuilding of the city, which he proposes to refortify. The sultan will return all Christian prisoners, including those taken at Damietta.
Mar. 18. Jerusalem. Frederick, Dei gratia Romanorum imperator semper augustus Ierusalem et Sicilie rex, writes to Pope Gregory IX, copying the letter for general circulation, including a copy sent to the king of England. He praises God for his achievements in the Holy Land. He describes, in the... more
sources: MGH Leges 2:162-7 (RRH no. 1000)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2103
year: 1229
initiator: Hermannus, master of the Hospital of Saint Mary of the Germans
text: After Mar. 19. Frater H. Hospitalis sancta Marie domus Teutonicorum in Ierusalem minister describes for an unknown correspondent the entry of the emperor Frederick into Jerusalem on 17 March and his self-coronation on the 18th in the presence of the Panormitanus archiepiscopus, Capuanus archiepiscopus and many others and, at length, the justificatory speech made by Frater H himself in both Latin and German. He reports that on the following day the archbishop of Caesarea, who had been sent by the patriarch, placed the church of the Holy Sepulchre and all the Holy Places under an interdict. He describes the fury of the army and the anger of the emperor, who, after ordering the rebuilding of the city, returned to Jaffa. Frater H. understands that the interdict had been placed, because the Templum Domini had been left in the hands of the Sarraceni, even though the emperor’s homines guard the gates to the Temple area.
After Mar. 19. Frater H. Hospitalis sancta Marie domus Teutonicorum in Ierusalem minister describes for an unknown correspondent the entry of the emperor Frederick into Jerusalem on 17 March and his self-coronation on the 18th in the presence of the Panormitanus archiepiscopus, Capuanus... more
sources: MGH Leges 2:167-8 (RRH no. 1000)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
2104
year: 1229
initiator: Patriarch Gerold of Jerusalem
recipient: Pope Gregory IX
text: Mar. 26. Acre. Patriarch Gerold of Jerusalem reports to Pope Gregory IX critically and at length on the actions of the emperor Frederick II in the Holy Land. He describes the journey of the emperor from Acre to Jaffa in November 1228, followed by the Christian army; the anger of the sultan at the refortification of Jaffa and the seizure of provisions from neighbouring casalia at a time when negotiations for a truce were in train; the emollient response of the emperor; the rejection of the emperor’s notary, who was responsible for negotiations, and the sultan’s request for direct talks with comes Thomas; the ill treatment of pilgrims; the sending of singers to please the emperor; and the emperor’s private announcement on 11 February to 4 of the leaders of the Latin East that poverty was forcing him to make a truce. The patriarch describes the terms of the truce: including the surrender of the city of Jerusalem, which could be fortified, except for the Templum Domini, which the Sarraceni can enter, Bethlehem and 2 small casalia on the road between Bethlehem and Jerusalem, the casalia on the road between Jerusalem and Jaffa, Nazareth and 2 casalia between Nazareth and Acre, Tyrum [Toron], which cannot be fortified, Sidon and 2 casalia. He stresses the absence of any grant of land outside Jerusalem to the patriarch, the Holy Sepulchre, the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, St Mary of the Latins, St Mary of the Valley of Jehoshaphat, the Templum Domini, the Mt of Olives or Mt Sion. Only the Knights Templar gained their property between Jerusalem and Jaffa. The nobles reluctantly agreed, provided they could fortify Jerusalem. The magistri of the Military Orders and the bishops of England replied that they could not agree if the patriarch was not consulted, but the emperor replied that he would not take this step. The emperor then swore to abide by the terms of a secret codicil privately with no one present. The emperor had the support of the magister of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans, who with, comes Thomasius and the dominus Sydonis received oaths of acceptance from the sultan of Egypt. The dominus Sydonis approached the sultan of Damascus, but he refused to agree, claiming that his relations were plotting against him. The magister of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans asked the patriarch to come to the entry into Jerusalem. The patriarch gave reasons for his refusal. The magister sent, through frater W. de ordine Predicatorum, penitentiarius patriarche, a transcript of the truce, which the patriarch subjects to critical analysis. The patriarch continues that the emperor crowned himself in the church of the Holy Sepulchre. There followed a long speech delivered by the magister of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans in both German and French, praising the emperor’s achievement. The Wintoniensis episcopus and the Exoniensis episcopus, the magister of the Hospital of St John of Jerusalem and the preceptor of the Knights Templar [the magister being absent] met the emperor and the magister of the Hospital of St Mary of the Germans to discuss aid for the refortification of Jerusalem, but after delays they had no reply, even after the Knights Templars had offered to take responsibility for this. The emperor returned to Acre by way of Jaffa.
Mar. 26. Acre. Patriarch Gerold of Jerusalem reports to Pope Gregory IX critically and at length on the actions of the emperor Frederick II in the Holy Land. He describes the journey of the emperor from Acre to Jaffa in November 1228, followed by the Christian army; the anger of the sultan at the... more
sources: Rodenberg, Epistolae 1:299-304, no. 384 (RRH no. 1001)