RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1240
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem
recipient: Pope Urban III
text: Sept 5-20. Jerusalem. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem sends Pope Urban III news [of the battle of Hattin]. The relic of the True Cross has been lost to the Traci. The bishops of Lydda and Acre, who were in charge of the Cross, have been killed. The king has been made captive and his army has been partly killed and partly imprisoned. The following cities and castles have been lost: Gybeletum, Beirut, Sydon, Acre, [Tiberias, Nazaret]h, Sebasten, [Nablus], Haifa, Caesarea, Assur, Jaffa, Ascalon, Lydda, lbelinen, Turon, Mirabel, Bethlehem and Hebron. Only Jerusalem, surrounded by the enemies of the cross and expecting to be besieged by Saladin, who has established himself nearby, and Tyre are still in Christian hands. All the provinces and dioceses of the patriarchate except those of Tyre and Petra are occupied by the pagani. An addendum lists the places occupied by the Thurci: Gybeletum, Beirut, Acre, Thuronum, Castellum Noveum,Tiberias with all its dependences, Haifa, Caesarea, Assur, Jaffa, Ascalon, Ybelinen, Ramatha, Lydda, Mirabel, Tharenta, Bethenopolis, Hebron, Fiyr, Bethlehem, Machumia, Castruim sancte Helie, Castrum Egidii, Nablus, Gerinen, Sebasten, Nazareth and Mons Thabor.
Sept 5-20. Jerusalem. Patriarch Eraclius of Jerusalem sends Pope Urban III news [of the battle of Hattin]. The relic of the True Cross has been lost to the Traci. The bishops of Lydda and Acre, who were in charge of the Cross, have been killed. The king has been made captive and his army has been... more
sources: Hiestand, PK, pp. 324-7, no. 149; Kedar, ‘Ein Hilferuf’, pp. 120-2
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1241
year: 1187
initiator: Consuls of Genoa
recipient: Pope Urban III
text: End of Sept. The consuls of Genoa write to Pope Urban III. They narrate how Saladin entered the kingdom of Jerusalem on 3 July with 70000 knights or more and laid siege to Tiberias. The lady of Tiberias appealed to the king. On the advice of the count of Tripoli, to whom he was reconciled, the king went to her assistance. In spite of the bravery of the Knights Templar, who were slaughtered, the Christian army was surrounded. Six of the king’s milites - Balduinus de Fotina, Radulfus Bructus and Laudoicus de Tabaria with three others, defected to Saladin and informed him of the state of the Christian army. Saladin’s nephew, Tochedinus, captured the king and seized the relic of the True Cross. Saladin had his Templar and Hospitaller captives beheaded and himself killed princeps Rainaldus de Castellione. After the battle Saladin took Acre and neighbouring places. The Sirii in Jerusalem offered to surrender the city. Many Christians from Acre and other places fled to Tyre. Ascalon is well provided with victuals and troops, as are Antioch, Margatus, and nearly all the principality. The county of Tripoli is safe. The consuls beg the pope to arouse the faithful to recover the Holy Land.
End of Sept. The consuls of Genoa write to Pope Urban III. They narrate how Saladin entered the kingdom of Jerusalem on 3 July with 70000 knights or more and laid siege to Tiberias. The lady of Tiberias appealed to the king. On the advice of the count of Tripoli, to whom he was reconciled, the king... more
sources: Hampe, ‘Reise’, pp. 278-80 (RRH no. 664a)
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1242
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Aimery of Antioch
recipient: King Henry II of England
text: End of Sept. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch writes to King Henry II of England. He reports Saladin’s invasion of the kingdom of Jerusalem, the disaster [at Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constable and the master of the Knights Templar, the murder of princeps Raimundus [Rainald] by Saladin himself, the deaths of bishops, Templars and Hospitallers, 1200 milites and 30000 foot soldiers, the fall of Tiberias, which Saladin has fortified, Acre, Haifa, Caesarea, Jaffa, Nazareth, Sebastea, Nablus, Lydda, Ramatha, Arsur, Hebron and Bethlehem. Jerusalem is now under siege and the Christians have suffered huge losses in residents, provisions and horses. He begs for help. Otherwise, the Holy Sepulchre and then Antioch itself will be lost. He is sending the episcopus Gabilonensis and the episcopus Valeniensis to Henry.
End of Sept. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch writes to King Henry II of England. He reports Saladin’s invasion of the kingdom of Jerusalem, the disaster [at Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constable and the master of the Knights Templar, the murder of princeps Raimundus [Rainald] by... more
sources: Gesta regis Henrici secundi 2:36-8 (RRH no. 664)
year: 1187
text: 1104 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Gethsemane. Epitaph of Lambertus coriparius de Acon.
1104 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Gethsemane. Epitaph of Lambertus coriparius de Acon.
sources: Sandoli, Corpus, p. 169, no. 226
year: 1187
institution: Holy Sepulchre
text: *Jul 15 1149 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Church of the Holy Sepulchre. An inscription over a doorway records the taking of the city of the Jerusalem by the Franci on July 15 1099.
*Jul 15 1149 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Church of the Holy Sepulchre. An inscription over a doorway records the taking of the city of the Jerusalem by the Franci on July 15 1099.
sources: Sandoli, Corpus, pp. 63-4, no. 73
year: 1187
institution: Templum Domini
text: c.1180 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Templum Domini. Epitaph of Drogo de Bus[siaco].
c.1180 - Oct. 2 1187. Jerusalem. Templum Domini. Epitaph of Drogo de Bus[siaco].
sources: Claverie, ‘Les difficultés’, pp. 68-9
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1246
year: 1187
initiator: Patriarch Aimery of Antioch
recipient: All Christians
text: Oct. 1-12. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch addresses an appeal to all Christians. He describes the victory of Saladin and the Turci [at the battle of Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constabularius and the master of the Knights Templar, the deaths of Rainaldus princeps, killed by Saladin himself, the bishops of Lydda and Acre, Templars, Hospitallers, 1200 milites and 30000 pedites, and the seizure of the relic of the True Cross. Tiberias has been taken, together with Acre, Haifa, Caesarea, Jaffa, Nazareth, Sebasten, Nablus, Lydda, Ramata, Arsur, Bethlehem, Hebron, Sidon, Beirut, Biblis and Ascalon. Their inhabitants have been captured and now Jerusalem is besieged. He begs for help. Otherwise, the Holy Sepulchre and then Antioch itself will be lost. He reminds Christians of the achievement of their ancestors when they conquered the Holy Land. He is sending the Valeniensis episcopus and the Gabulensis episcopus to the West for aid.
Oct. 1-12. Patriarch Aimery of Antioch addresses an appeal to all Christians. He describes the victory of Saladin and the Turci [at the battle of Hattin], the capture of the king, his brother the constabularius and the master of the Knights Templar, the deaths of Rainaldus princeps, killed by... more
sources: Mayer, ‘Zwei unedierte Texte’, pp. 100-3, no. 2
RRR: Correspondence/envoy
1247
year: 1187
initiator: Bohemond III, prince of Antioch
recipient: All Christian prelates, clergy and people
text: Mid Oct. [220] Bohemond III princeps Antiocenus sends a general letter to all Christian prelates, clergy and people. Saladin has killed Templars and Hospitallers and imprisoned the king [of Jerusalem]. He has seized the relic of the True Cross and is besieging Jerusalem. Ascalon has fallen and is without Christian inhabitants. Nazareth has been occupied by the Turci. Acre, and the territory as far as Tyre, Ascalon and Jerusalem is lost and the Christian religion in that region is no more. Only the principality of Antioch survives. Bohemond is sending the Tharsensis archiepiscopus, Antioceni principatus cancellarius, to the West to plead for assistance.
Mid Oct. [220] Bohemond III princeps Antiocenus sends a general letter to all Christian prelates, clergy and people. Saladin has killed Templars and Hospitallers and imprisoned the king [of Jerusalem]. He has seized the relic of the True Cross and is besieging Jerusalem. Ascalon has fallen and is... more
sources: Chroust, Tageno, pp. 202-3 (RRH no. 663)
RRR: Confirmation/renewal of grants
1248
year: 1187
initiator: Pope Urban III
recipient: Hospital of Saint Stephen [the Cruciferi] in Esztergom [Gran]
institution: Hospital of Saint Stephen in Jerusalem
text: *Before Oct 20. Pope Urban III confirms the possessions of the Hospital of St Stephen [the Cruciferi] in Esztergom [Gran] and its master Nicholas, including a convent in Acre and a convent, church and hospital [hospitale] in Jerusalem, the last founded by Bela II.
*Before Oct 20. Pope Urban III confirms the possessions of the Hospital of St Stephen [the Cruciferi] in Esztergom [Gran] and its master Nicholas, including a convent in Acre and a convent, church and hospital [hospitale] in Jerusalem, the last founded by Bela II.
sources: Hiestand, PK, pp. 327-8, no. 150
RRR: Confirmation/renewal of grants
1249
year: 1187
initiator: Corradus, son of the marquess of Montferrat
recipient: Pisans
text: Oct. 1-31. Tyre. In the house of the Hospital. Wishing to reward those who are helping him defend Tyre and with the advice and consent of magister Monachus Cesariensis archiepiscopus, domnus Leotardus Nazarenus archiepiscopus, domnus Odo episcopus Sydonie, domnus frater Terry domus milicie Templi magnus preceptor, frater Borellus magnus preceptor Hospitalis, other brothers, the milites and burgenses of Tyre and all the commune civitatis, Corradus, son of the marquess of Montferrat, confirms under seal for the Pisans all the gifts and concessions made to them by the late Count Raymond III of Tripoli in Tyre and in its region. These include houses that belonged to the Knights Templar, with a tower and a platea nearby, stretching to the sea near their fondacum above the city wall; houses that belonged to the sons of the late Balduinus Pisanus near the platea by the sea and next to their fundacum; houses that belonged to Matheus Iohannis Guidi, next to the platea by the sea that extend from the houses of the sons of Balduinus to the houses of Vguicio Taliauenti and Guinus Pisanus; and houses that belonged to the king where there was a scriptorium [in which cartule were made] and which are situated beyond the Pisan fundacum. Corradus confirms: the Pisans’ possession of the platea portus on which nothing can be built, except a Pisan logia; the possession by the Pisan commune of an oven, the furnus buciarie, which had belonged to the king and is situated in the ruga buciarie, and a bath house, which had also belonged to the king and is situated in the ruga Templi, by the ruga sancti Iuliani; the right to build 2 horse-mills [molendina equi] in Tyre and an oven in their houses, as specified in a charter from King Baldwin; the right to use weights and measures [statera, et pensae et modia et mensurae] for wine and oil and all other things, conceded to them by Count Raymond, which they can use in sales to other persons; the possession by the Pisan commune outside Tyre and in its neighbourhood of a water mill, with a house and the water, conceded by Count Raymond, a casale called Talobie with 2 guastinae, Rasalaine with all buildings, mills, water and milling rights, a casale called Sydio with a hillside guastina [guastina montis], and Ainebeddelle, with its waters and a garden that had belonged to the king. Corradus also confirms for the commune of the Pisans in Tyre all its liberties and the curia, which it had possessed for a long time in Tyre, and which had been confirmed by Count Raymond of Tripoli. He adds that all Pisans and those leased houses by them, whether swordsmen [scapuli], burgenses, milites, sea captains [comiti] or of any lay condition whatever, should be judged in the Pisan curia, except for cases involving feoda or assisiae, which should be judged in the curiae of lords [domni]. Otherwise no Pisan shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the royal curia in Tyre or elsewhere throughout the kingdom. On the other hand, the king can exact dues [talia] on the houses of Pisan burgenses situated outside the Pisan quarter [extra honorem Pisani communis] if he exacts it elsewhere in the city of Tyre, but he cannot impose any other dues [dricture] because of military or other needs, and the Pisans and those who rent Pisan propertes are to be exempt from terciaria and other dues. Corradus concedes to the Pisans the right to have a vicecomes or consul to run their curia, the right to place their own men in the catena, funda and gates of the city of Tyre to look after Pisans and those who rent properties from them, who are to be free from any attempt by king’s men or those of any baro to tax them on entry and departure. The Pisans are to be free from charges on shipwreck and from any charge on houses, ovens, baths, casalia, mills and weights and measures [statera et pensae et modia et mensurae]. The heirs of Pisans who die can recover their feoda and assisiae. The Pisans have the right to have their own church and its liberties, which Corradus will defend. And because the Pisans have remained in Tyre and are fighting the Sarraceni in defence of the kingdom they will in future be freed from all servicia for the gifts that have been made to them. Witnesses: Frater Giofredus Morin preceptor domus Templi in Tyro; frater Bertramus Deltana miles Templi; frater Petrus Iterii miles; frater Wuillelmus de Uendobre miles; frater Vgo Giofrei miles; frater Achardus Templi capellanus; of the Order [domus] of the Hospital, Frater Hermengaldus prior Sancti Egidii; frater Wuillelmus Alvernacius; frater Pontius de Baia; of the barones, Domnus Hugo Tyberiadis; domnus Radulfus frater eius; domnus Gualterius Cesaree; domnus Helias vicecomes Nazareth; Eustachius vicecomes Legionis; Rainerius de Marone; Vbertus de Orgiolo; Iterius de Manni; Amalricus Godescalci; Wuillelmus de Chaineto; Vbertus Nepos senescalcus marchionis; Ansaldus Bonuicinus; Balduinus frater eius; Bernardus Templi in Tyro vicecomes; Wuillelmus Caim; Matheus Iohannis Guidi; Symon de Falesia. The charter was drawn up by Bandinus domni marchionis scriba.
Oct. 1-31. Tyre. In the house of the Hospital. Wishing to reward those who are helping him defend Tyre and with the advice and consent of magister Monachus Cesariensis archiepiscopus, domnus Leotardus Nazarenus archiepiscopus, domnus Odo episcopus Sydonie, domnus frater Terry domus milicie Templi... more
sources: Mayer, UKJ 2:859-65, no. 519 (RRH no. 665)